Section: New Results

Fire application

We consider that the proper evaluation of a model requires to apply it to a large number of fires – instead of carrying out a fine tuning on just one fire. We implemented a software to simulate a large number of fires (from the Prométhée database, http://www.promethee.com/ ) with the simulation model ForeFire (CNRS/University of Corsica) and evaluate the results with error measures [15] . One simulation requires mainly the following data: the ignition point, the ground elevation, the vegetation cover and the wind field. See illustration in Fig. 6 . We simulated 80 fires with four physical models, which proved that the most advanced models performed better overall, even though the input data is often inaccurate. We also carried out Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the impact of the uncertainty in input data. We showed that the Monte Carlo approach led to a reliable forecasting system, which suggests that the probability densities derived from the simulations (see Fig. 6 ) may be useful information for preventive actions in an operational context.

Figure 6. Left: Fire simulation (using ForeFire) in red elevated contour, and observation (from Prométhée) of the burned area in filled red contour, for a 2003 fire near San-Giovanni-di-Moriani (Corsica). Right: Burn probability as computed by a Monte Carlo simulation for a wildfire that was observed (red contour) in Corsica in 2003.